In this study, in order to propose mid- to long-term policy tasks for strengthening resilience in the post-COVID-19 era, key patterns of social change unfolding globally after COVID-19 were examined and scenario-based policy tasks were proposed. The study examines the main considerations for future-oriented innovation policies to strengthen the resilience of the national innovation system in response to the extensive impacts brought about by COVID-19. It also identifies the key drivers characterizing the environmental changes in the COVID-19 era and explores various possibilities for environmental changes in the COVDI-19 era based on the their interactions. Additionally, based on the key approaches and analysis results, the study proposes the “3A (Anticipation, Alliancing, and Adaptation)” strategy for transitioning to a resilient innovative system.