![[20-26] What norms of speech should lawmakers abide by](/app/board/attach/image/thumb-2724-1624500867000.do)
The purpose of this study is to examine the norms of speech that lawmakers as legislators should act upon. To accomplish this purpose, this study brings up the tradition of rhetoric, with the aim of reviving the philosophical tradition of rhetoric so that lawmakers can speak in proper political language in order to unify their communities. Chapter 1 focuses on Aristotle and Cicero's philosophical tradition. Aristotle's rhetoric deals with the themes of logos, pathos, and ethos. Cicero's rhetoric focuses on discovery, placement, expression, memory, and action. Chapter 2 examines examples of rhetorical standards, such as speeches by politicians that are representative examples of public speech. Focusing on Pericles' funeral address in the 5th century BC and Lincoln's speech 150 years ago, this report analyzes the influence of Greek rhetoric that persisted for over 2,000 years. Other speeches by Churchill, De Gaulle, and Roosevelt during World War II show the virtues of Roman republicanism, such as honor and courage against fear, greatness, and sacrifice. Chapter 3 covers former US President Barack Obama's speech. As the first black President of the United States, he has been referred to as ‘the modern Cicero.’ The power of speech was the biggest driving force behind Obama's political success in America, where racism is severe and black voters account for only one-eighth of all voters.
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